Fig. 3

Bidirectional sensorimotor prosthetic control. Recorded motor activity from residual motor nerves in the amputee’s stump, which is proportional to the motor intent, drive – via a motor decoder – the prosthesis movement (red pathway). Simultaneously and independently, electrical signals from the prosthesis pressure sensors stimulate – via a sensory encoder – the residual sensory nerves in the stump to evoke the natural sensation of touch in the amputee’s sensory cortex (teal pathway). Figure adapted from [25]